NLP Mega-Glossary

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Accessing Cues

Keith Fail: Micro movements, often of the eyes and facial muscles that are reliably paired with a particular pattern of thinking. These small movements help us tune our neurology so to access that specific thinking pattern. For instance, people often look up as they visualize an image in their mind's eye, or flare their nostrils as they remember a smell.
NLP Home Page Glossary: Subtle behaviours that indicate which representational system a person is using. Typical types of accessing cues include eye movements, voice tone and tempo, body posture, gestures, and breathing patterns.
Lewis &Pucelik: movements of the eyes which are symptomatic of cerbral processes of retrieving thoughts and other experiences stored in the brain.
Tony Robbins: Behaviors that affect our neural processing in such a way that we can access on representational system more strongly than others. For instance, slowing your breathing rate and the tempo of your voice can direct you to access in a kinesthetic mode, tilting your head as though you're holding a telephone can direct you in an auditory mode and so on.
O'Connor & Seymour: The ways we tune our bodies by breathing, posture, gesture and eye movements to think in certain ways.
Andreas: Bandler and Grinder have observed that people move their eyes in systematic directions, depending upon the kind of thinking they are doing. These movements are called eye accessing cues.
Leslie Cameron-Bandler: I believe that some of the most relevant information concerning nonverbal communication is provided by accessing cues. My colleagues and I found--in the course of our studies of human behavior--that eye scanning patterns were definitely related to the internal processing necessary to bring into consciousness information regarding past remembered or future constructed experiences.
Bandler & Grinder: ...each of us has developed particular body movements which indicate to the astute observer which representational system we are using. Especially rich in significance are the eye scannning patterns which we have developed. Thus, for the student of hypnosis, predicates in the verbal system and eye scanning patterns in the nonverbal system offer quick and powerful ways of determining which of the potential meaning making resources--the representational systems--the client is using at a moment in time, and therefore how to respond creatively to the client.
Sid Jacobson: We have noticed that the eye movements people make as they are thinking and processing information provide a remarkably accurate index for sensory specific neurological activity.
Rex Steven Sikes: Eye movements, head tilts, postures, breathing shifts, arm and hand gestures, skin color, word choice, rate and rhythm, etc. all constitude non-verbal behavior that we can observe in other people. It is the unique combination of how we sequence movements in the face and body that allow us to access different parts of our brain for processing information.
Accessing is a looping process, ie. how we access is reflected in our behavior, and when we shift our behavior, we access different parts of our brain. An individual can learn greater flexibility of thinking and mental processing by adopting different facial expressions (eye & head, movements & positions) and body behaviors.
People also use accessing cues to "read" another person's behaviors. We can use this information to develop rapport by matching the person's behavior.

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Anchor

NLP Home Page Glossary: Anchor: Any stimulus that is associated with a
specific response. Anchors happen naturally, and they can also be set up
intentionally, for example, ringing a bell to get people's attention, or
more subtle, standing in a particular place when answering questions.
Anchoring: The process of associating an internal response with some
external trigger (similar to classical conditioning) so that the response
may be quickly, and sometimes covertly, re-accessed. Anchoring can be
visual (as with specific hand gestures), auditory (by using specific words
and voice tone), and kinaesthetic (as when touching an arm or laying a hand
on someone's shoulder.) Criteria for anchoring: a) intensity or purity of
experience; b) timing; at peak of experience; c)accuracy of replication of
anchor.Source: NLP Web pages at

Tony Robbins: Anchoring--The process by which any representation (internal
or external) gets connected to and triggers a subsequent string of
representations and responses. Anchors can be naturally occurring or set
up deliberately. An example of an anchor for a particular set of responses
is what happens when you think of the way a special, much-loved person says
your name.

Dilts: Anchor: Stimuli that will consistently produce the same internal
data in an individual. Anchors occur naturally. Bandler and Grinder
discovered old modeling that you can deliberately set-up a stimulus with a
gesture or a touch or a sound to hold a state stable. Where an external
stimulus is paired with an internal state.

Michael Brooks: An anchor is a representation--either internal as with a
picture or feeling, or external as with a touch or sound--that triggers
(elicits) another such representation. It's a sensory stimulus paired with
either a response or a specific set of responses or states.

Leslie Cameron-Bandler: In the same way that certain external stimuli
become associated with past experiences (thus recalling the past
experience) you can deliberately associate a stimulus to a specific
experience. Once this association has taken place, you can then trigger the
experience at will. It works in the same way that
language does.

Bandler & Grinder: Anchoring refers to the tendency for any one element of
an experience to bring back the entire experience.

Sid Jacobson: ...it [is] an NLP way of talking about classical (Pavlov's)
conditioning, but it made a lot more sense.

Andreas: The way we naturally link things that happen at the same time.
This knowledge gives us a way to take resources from one area of our lives
and apply them in broader ways for our well-being.

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Associated State

NLP Home Page Glossary: As in a memory, looking through your own eyes,
hearing what you heard,and feeling the feelings as if you were actually
there. This is called the associated state.

Stever Robbins: I would use the term "associated into an experience," rather
than "associated state." A person is associated into an experience when their
awareness is of the sensory input directly associated with that experience. In a
dissociated state, awareness in some sensory channel is on an other
(internal) representation. Under this definition, "daydreaming" represents
dissociation from the here-and-now, and possible association into the
daydream.

For example, hearing the sound of your bicycle spokes in the breeze while
riding a bicycle is an associated experience. Self-evaluative talk, "Am I
doing this correctly?" is dissociated (unless there's a tape in the
background of your voice asking that question). Example: Trancing out
in a dentist's chair and feeling the feelings of being on a warm beach
under the sun is dissociated from the dentist's office, and associated into
the beach feelings.

Dilts: .States where you are experiencing an event "in time" as though it
is happening now, in your own body, looking through your own eyes. Full
involvement in a moment or fully reliving a past experience.

Leslie Cameron-Bandler: The process of association, then, is the inverse of
the visual-kinesthetic dissociation process. Clients visualize themselves
in a scene and adjust the picture until it is just right for them. They
then step into themselves in the picture in order to feel the feelings
which are congruent with the projected experience.

Bandler: Associated means going back and reliving the experience, seeing it
from your own eyes. You see exactly what you saw when you were actually
there. You may see your hands in front of you, but you can't see your face
unless you're looking in a mirror.

O'Connor & Seymour: Associated: Inside an experience, seeing through your
own eyes, fully in your senses.

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Beliefs

Joseph O'Connor and John Seymour: The generalizations we make
about ourselves, others and the world and our operating principles in
it. Beliefs act as self-fulfilling prophecies that influence all our
behaviors. One of the neurological levels.

Richard Bandler and John Grinder: Behavior is organized around
beliefs. As long as you can fit a behavior into someon's belief system,
you can get him to do anything, or stop him from doing anything. A
belief tends to be much more universal and categorical than an
understanding. When you already have a belief there's no room for
a new one unless you weaken the old belief first.

Tony Robbins: We usually think of beliefs in terms of creeds or
doctrines and that's what many beliefs are. But in the most basic
sense, a belief is any guiding principle, dictum, faith or passion that
can provide meaning and direction in life. Beliefs are the
prearranged, organized filter to our perceptions of the world. Beliefs
are the compass and maps that guide us toward our goals and give us
the surety to know we'll get there. Even at the level of physiology,
beliefs (congruent internal representations) control reality. Belief is
nothing but a state, an internal, represntation that governs behavior.
Beliefs are preformed, programmed approaches to perception that
filter our communication to ourselves in a consistent manner. Most
people treat a belief as if it's a thing, when really all it is is a feeling
of certainty about something.

Connirae Andreas: Our limiting beliefs are found embedded within
our Intended Outcomes.

Robert Dilts: Beliefs are not necessarily based upon a logical
framework of ideas. They are, instead, notoriously unresponsive to
logic. They are not intended to coincide with reality. Since you don't
really know what is real, you have to form a belief--a matter of faith.

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Calibration

Joseph O'Connor and John Seymour: Accurately recognizing another
person's or a group's state by reading non-verbal signals. For example,
calibrating to high quality attention so that you can recognise it when you
have it from a group.

Tony Robbins: The ability to notice and measure changes with respect to
a standard. Calibrating depends on refined sensory acuity. You probably
have a good idea of when a loved one is feeling a little unsure or very
happy. This is because you have calibrated what their philosophy means.

Robert Dilts, Tim Hallbom, Suzi Smith: Using sensory acuity (see, hear,
feel) to notice specific shifts in a person's external state, i.e., voice
tone, posture, gestures, skin color, muscle tension, etc. to know when
changes are occurring in their internal state:

Byron Lewis and Rank Pucelik: Calibrated communication, sometimes called
calibrated loop, are unconscious patterns of communcation in which a look,
gesture or expression unintentionally triggers a response from another
person. Often based on subliminal cues--minimal gestures that operate
outside the awareness of the individuals involved--these calibrated
communication loops can be the source of pain-producing miscommunication
between couples, family members and co-workers.

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Chunking

Joseph O'Connor and John Seymour: (or stepping) Changing your perception
by going up and down a logical level. Stepping up is going up to a level
that includes what you are studying. For example, looking at the intention
behind a question chunks ups from that question. Stepping down is going to
a level below for a more specific example of what you are studying. This
can be done on the basis of member and class or part and whole. For
example, the first step in formulating an outcome is to phrase it in the
positive.

NLP Comprehensive: Chunk size is the level of specificity. People who
are detail-oriented are "small chunkers." People who think in general terms
are "large chunkers"--they see the big picture.

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Congruence, Congruity

Joseph O'Connor and John Seymour: State of being unified, and
completely sincere, with all aspects of a person working together
toward an outcome. It is not something you have, it is something you
do.

Tony Robbins: A situation in which the message a person communicates
is the same or similar in all output channels--tht is, the words of
the message convey the same meaning as the previous two. All output
channels are being aligned. Incongruency exhibits conflicting
messages between output channels.

Robert Dilts, Tim Hallbom, Suzi Smith: Congruency occurs when you make a
full conscious and unconscious commitment to some outcome or behavior.

NLP Comprehensive: When goals thoughts and behaviors are in agreement.

Carmine Baffa: Congruence is a state, that is context dependent, where
the individual has aligned all of his/her pictures, words and feelings in a
way that allows that individual to be fully focused, without doubt, inside
of the behaviors that will lead to the desired outcome when in that
context. Yet when outside of that context, where congruence was the
alignment of all modalities, there needs to exist the ability to produce
doubt through misalignment,an incongruent state, for the purpose of
updating. Thus providing in the future, a feed forward loop, that improves
ones ability to perform congruently in that context, with a greater degree
of competency.